TABLE 1.

Actionable Genomic Mutations in Melanoma

Gene mutationTyrosine kinase inhibitorClinical trialOutcome
BRAF/MEKDabrafenib + trametinibCOMBI-d (75)3-y OS: 44% vs. 32% (dabrafenib + placebo) (HR, 0.75)
Encorafenib + binimetinibCOLUMBUS (76)5-y OS: 34.7% vs. 21.4% (vemurafenib)
Vemurafenib + cobimetinibcoBRIM (77)mOS: 22.3 vs. 17.4 mo (vemurafenib) (HR, 0.7)
NRASBinimetinibNEMO (41)mPFS: 2.8 vs. 1.5 mo (dacarbazine) (HR, 0.62)
KITImatinibGuo et al. (38)mPFS: 3.5 mo with 1-y OS rate of 51%
NilotinibGuo et al. (78)mPFS: 4.2 mo and mOS: 18.0 mo
TRKLarotrectinibHong et al. (39)ORR: 79% of TRK-fusion–positive cancers
EntrectinibDoebele et al. (40)ORR: 57% of TRK-fusion–positive cancers
  • HR = hazard ratio; mOS = median OS; mPFS = median PFS; ORR = overall response rate.